Accepts incoming events and correctly parses them into events. GeoLite2 integration complete"
This commit is contained in:
Dan Milne
358
docs/maxmind.md
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358
docs/maxmind.md
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# MaxMind GeoIP Integration
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This document describes the MaxMind GeoIP integration implemented in the Baffle Hub WAF analytics system.
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## Overview
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The Baffle Hub application uses MaxMind's free GeoLite2-Country database to provide geographic location information for IP addresses. The system automatically enriches WAF events with country codes and provides manual lookup capabilities for both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
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## Features
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- **On-demand lookup** - Country code lookup by IP address
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- **Automatic enrichment** - Events are enriched with geo-location data during processing
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- **Manual lookup capability** - Rake tasks and model methods for manual lookups
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- **GeoLite2-Country database** - Uses MaxMind's free country-level database
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- **Automatic updates** - Weekly background job updates the database
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- **IPv4/IPv6 support** - Full protocol support for both IP versions
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- **Performance optimized** - Database caching and efficient lookups
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- **Graceful degradation** - Fallback handling when database is unavailable
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## Architecture
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### Core Components
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#### 1. GeoIpService
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- Central service for all IP geolocation operations
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- Handles database loading from file system
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- Provides batch lookup capabilities
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- Manages database updates from MaxMind CDN
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- Uses MaxMind's built-in metadata for version information
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#### 2. UpdateGeoIpDatabaseJob
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- Background job for automatic database updates
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- Runs weekly to keep the database current
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- Simple file-based validation and updates
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#### 3. Enhanced Models
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- **Event Model** - Automatic geo-location enrichment for WAF events
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- **IPv4Range/IPv6Range Models** - Manual lookup methods for IP ranges
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#### 4. File-System Management
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- Database stored as single file: `db/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb`
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- Version information queried directly from MaxMind database metadata
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- No database tables needed - simplified approach
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## Installation & Setup
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### Dependencies
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The integration uses the following gems:
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- `maxmind-db` - Official MaxMind database reader (with built-in caching)
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- `httparty` - HTTP client for database downloads
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### Database Storage
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- Location: `db/geoip/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb`
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- Automatic creation of storage directory
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- File validation and integrity checking
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- Version information queried directly from database metadata
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- No additional caching needed - MaxMind DB has its own internal caching
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### Initial Setup
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```bash
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# Install dependencies
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bundle install
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# Download the GeoIP database
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rails geoip:update
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# Verify installation
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rails geoip:status
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```
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## Configuration
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The system is configurable via environment variables or application configuration:
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| Variable | Default | Description |
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|----------|---------|-------------|
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| `MAXMIND_DATABASE_URL` | MaxMind CDN URL | Database download URL |
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| `MAXMIND_AUTO_UPDATE` | `true` | Enable automatic weekly updates |
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| `MAXMIND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_DAYS` | `7` | Days between update checks |
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| `MAXMIND_MAX_AGE_DAYS` | `30` | Maximum database age before forced update |
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| Note: MaxMind DB has built-in caching, no additional caching needed |
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| `MAXMIND_FALLBACK_COUNTRY` | `nil` | Fallback country when lookup fails |
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| `MAXMIND_ENABLE_FALLBACK` | `false` | Enable fallback country usage |
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### Example Configuration
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```bash
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# config/application.rb or .env file
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MAXMIND_AUTO_UPDATE=true
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MAXMIND_UPDATE_INTERVAL_DAYS=7
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MAXMIND_MAX_AGE_DAYS=30
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MAXMIND_FALLBACK_COUNTRY=US
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MAXMIND_ENABLE_FALLBACK=true
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# Note: No caching configuration needed - MaxMind has built-in caching
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```
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## Usage
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### Rake Tasks
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#### Database Management
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```bash
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# Download/update the GeoIP database
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rails geoip:update
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# Check database status and configuration
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rails geoip:status
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# Test the implementation with sample IPs
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rails geoip:test
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# Manual lookup for a specific IP
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rails geoip:lookup[8.8.8.8]
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rails geoip:lookup[2001:4860:4860::8888]
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```
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#### Data Management
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```bash
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# Enrich existing events missing country codes
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rails geoip:enrich_missing
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# Clean up old inactive database records
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rails geoip:cleanup
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```
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### Ruby API
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#### Service-Level Lookups
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```ruby
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# Direct country lookup
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country = GeoIpService.lookup_country('8.8.8.8')
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# => "US"
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# Batch lookup
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countries = GeoIpService.new.lookup_countries(['8.8.8.8', '1.1.1.1'])
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# => { "8.8.8.8" => "US", "1.1.1.1" => nil }
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# Check database availability
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service = GeoIpService.new
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service.database_available? # => true/false
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service.database_info # => Database metadata
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```
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#### Event Model Integration
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```ruby
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# Automatic enrichment during event processing
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event = Event.find(123)
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event.enrich_geo_location! # Updates event with country code
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event.lookup_country # => "US" (with fallback to service)
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event.has_geo_data? # => true/false
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event.geo_location # => { country_code: "US", city: nil, ... }
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# Batch enrichment of existing events
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updated_count = Event.enrich_geo_location_batch
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puts "Enriched #{updated_count} events with geo data"
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```
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#### IP Range Model Integration
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```ruby
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# IPv4 Range lookups
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range = Ipv4Range.find(123)
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range.geo_lookup_country! # Updates range with country code
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range.geo_lookup_country # => "US" (without updating)
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range.has_country_info? # => true/false
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range.primary_country # => "US" (best available country)
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# Class methods
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country = Ipv4Range.lookup_country_by_ip('8.8.8.8')
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updated_count = Ipv4Range.enrich_missing_geo_data(limit: 1000)
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# IPv6 Range lookups (same interface)
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country = Ipv6Range.lookup_country_by_ip('2001:4860:4860::8888')
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updated_count = Ipv6Range.enrich_missing_geo_data(limit: 1000)
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```
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### Background Processing
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#### Automatic Updates
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The system automatically schedules database updates:
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```ruby
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# Manually trigger an update (usually scheduled automatically)
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UpdateGeoIpDatabaseJob.perform_later
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# Force update regardless of age
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UpdateGeoIpDatabaseJob.perform_later(force_update: true)
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```
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#### Event Processing Integration
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Geo-location enrichment is automatically included in WAF event processing:
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```ruby
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# This is called automatically in ProcessWafEventJob
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event = Event.create_from_waf_payload!(event_id, payload, project)
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event.enrich_geo_location! if event.ip_address.present? && event.country_code.blank?
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```
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## Database Information
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### GeoLite2-Country Database
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- **Source**: MaxMind GeoLite2-Country (free version)
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- **Update Frequency**: Weekly (Tuesdays)
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- **Size**: ~9.5 MB
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- **Coverage**: Global IP-to-country mapping
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- **Format**: MaxMind DB (.mmdb)
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### Database Fields
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- `country.iso_code` - Two-letter ISO country code
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- Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
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- Includes anonymous/proxy detection metadata
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## Performance Considerations
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### Performance
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- MaxMind DB has built-in internal caching optimized for lookups
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- Typical lookup time: <1ms
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- Database size optimized for fast lookups
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- No additional caching layer needed
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### Lookup Performance
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- Typical lookup time: <1ms
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- Database size optimized for fast lookups
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- Efficient range queries for IP networks
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### Memory Usage
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- Database loaded into memory for fast access
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- Approximate memory usage: 15-20 MB for the country database
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- Automatic cleanup of old database files
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## Error Handling
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### Graceful Degradation
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- Service returns `nil` when database unavailable
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- Logging at appropriate levels for different error types
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- Event processing continues even if geo-location fails
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### Common Error Scenarios
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1. **Database Missing** - Automatic download triggered
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2. **Database Corrupted** - Automatic re-download attempted
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3. **Network Issues** - Graceful fallback with error logging
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4. **Invalid IP Address** - Returns `nil` with warning log
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## Troubleshooting
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### Check System Status
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```bash
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# Verify database status
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rails geoip:status
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# Test with known IPs
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rails geoip:test
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# Check logs for errors
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tail -f log/production.log | grep GeoIP
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```
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### Common Issues
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#### Database Not Available
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```bash
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# Force database update
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rails geoip:update
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# Check file permissions
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ls -la db/geoip/
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```
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#### Lookup Failures
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```bash
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# Test specific IPs
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rails geoip:lookup[8.8.8.8]
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# Check database validity
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rails runner "puts GeoIpService.new.database_available?"
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```
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#### Performance Issues
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- Increase cache size in configuration
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- Check memory usage on deployment server
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- Monitor lookup times with application metrics
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## Monitoring & Maintenance
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### Health Checks
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```ruby
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# Rails console health check
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service = GeoIpService.new
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puts "Database available: #{service.database_available?}"
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puts "Database age: #{service.database_record&.age_in_days} days"
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```
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### Scheduled Maintenance
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- Database automatically updated weekly
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- Old database files cleaned up after 7 days
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- No manual maintenance required
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### Monitoring Metrics
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Consider monitoring:
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- Database update success/failure rates
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- Lookup performance (response times)
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- Database age and freshness
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- Cache hit/miss ratios
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## Security & Privacy
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### Data Privacy
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- No personal data stored in the GeoIP database
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- Only country-level information provided
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- No tracking or logging of IP lookups by default
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### Network Security
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- Database downloaded from official MaxMind CDN
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- File integrity validated with MD5 checksums
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- Secure temporary file handling during updates
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## API Reference
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### GeoIpService
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#### Class Methods
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- `lookup_country(ip_address)` - Direct lookup
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- `update_database!` - Force database update
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#### Instance Methods
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- `lookup_country(ip_address)` - Country lookup
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- `lookup_countries(ip_addresses)` - Batch lookup
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- `database_available?` - Check database status
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- `database_info` - Get database metadata
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- `update_from_remote!` - Download new database
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### Model Methods
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#### Event Model
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- `enrich_geo_location!` - Update with country code
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- `lookup_country` - Get country code (with fallback)
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- `has_geo_data?` - Check if geo data exists
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- `geo_location` - Get full geo location hash
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#### IPv4Range/IPv6Range Models
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- `geo_lookup_country!` - Update range with country code
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- `geo_lookup_country` - Get country code (without update)
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- `has_country_info?` - Check for existing country data
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- `primary_country` - Get best available country code
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- `lookup_country_by_ip(ip)` - Class method for IP lookup
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- `enrich_missing_geo_data(limit:)` - Class method for batch enrichment
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## Support & Resources
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### MaxMind Documentation
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- [MaxMind Developer Site](https://dev.maxmind.com/)
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- [GeoLite2 Databases](https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geolite2-free-geolocation-data)
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- [Database Accuracy](https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geolite2-free-geolocation-data#accuracy)
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### Ruby Libraries
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- [maxmind-db gem](https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-ruby)
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- [httparty gem](https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty)
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### Troubleshooting Resources
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- Application logs: `log/production.log`
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- Rails console for manual testing
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- Database status via `rails geoip:status`
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625
docs/rule-architecture.md
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docs/rule-architecture.md
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# Baffle Hub - Rule Architecture
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## Overview
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Baffle Hub uses a distributed rule system where the Hub generates and manages rules, and Agents download and enforce them locally using optimized SQLite queries. This architecture provides sub-millisecond rule evaluation while maintaining centralized intelligence and control.
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## Core Principles
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1. **Hub-side Intelligence**: Pattern detection and rule generation happens on the Hub
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2. **Agent-side Enforcement**: Rule evaluation happens locally on Agents for speed
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3. **Incremental Sync**: Agents poll for rule updates using timestamp-based cursors
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4. **Dynamic Backpressure**: Hub controls event sampling based on load
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5. **Temporal Rules**: Rules can expire automatically (e.g., 24-hour bans)
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6. **Soft Deletes**: Rules are disabled, not deleted, for proper sync and audit trail
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## Rule Types
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### 1. Network Rules (`network_v4`, `network_v6`)
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Block or allow traffic based on IP address or CIDR ranges.
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**Use Cases**:
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- Block scanner IPs (temporary or permanent)
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- Block datacenter/VPN/proxy ranges
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- Allow trusted IP ranges
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- Geographic blocking via IP ranges
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**Evaluation**:
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- **Most specific CIDR wins** (smallest prefix)
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- `/32` beats `/24` beats `/16` beats `/8`
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- Agent uses optimized range queries on `ipv4_ranges`/`ipv6_ranges` tables
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**Example**:
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```json
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{
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"id": 12341,
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"rule_type": "network_v4",
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"action": "deny",
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"conditions": { "cidr": "185.220.100.0/22" },
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"priority": 22,
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"expires_at": "2024-11-04T12:00:00Z",
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"enabled": true,
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"source": "auto:scanner_detected",
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"metadata": {
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"reason": "Tor exit node hitting /.env",
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"auto_generated": true
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. Rate Limit Rules (`rate_limit`)
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Control request rate per IP or per CIDR range.
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**Scopes** (Phase 1):
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- **Global per-IP**: Limit requests per IP across all paths
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- **Per-CIDR**: Different limits for different network ranges
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**Scopes** (Phase 2+):
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- **Per-path per-IP**: Different limits for `/api/*`, `/login`, etc.
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**Evaluation**:
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- Agent maintains in-memory counters per IP
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- Finds most specific CIDR rule for the IP
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- Applies that rule's rate limit configuration
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- Optional: Persist counters to SQLite for restart resilience
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**Example (Phase 1)**:
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```json
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{
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"id": 12342,
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"rule_type": "rate_limit",
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||||
"action": "rate_limit",
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"conditions": {
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"cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
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"scope": "global"
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},
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"priority": 0,
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"enabled": true,
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"source": "manual",
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||||
"metadata": {
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"limit": 100,
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||||
"window": 60,
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"per_ip": true
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}
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||||
}
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||||
```
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||||
**Example (Phase 2+)**:
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||||
```json
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||||
{
|
||||
"id": 12343,
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||||
"rule_type": "rate_limit",
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||||
"action": "rate_limit",
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||||
"conditions": {
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||||
"cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
|
||||
"scope": "per_path",
|
||||
"path_pattern": "/api/login"
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},
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||||
"metadata": {
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||||
"limit": 5,
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"window": 60,
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||||
"per_ip": true
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||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
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### 3. Path Pattern Rules (`path_pattern`)
|
||||
|
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Detect suspicious path access patterns (mainly for Hub analytics).
|
||||
|
||||
**Use Cases**:
|
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- Detect scanners hitting `/.env`, `/.git`, `/wp-admin`
|
||||
- Identify bots with suspicious path traversal
|
||||
- Trigger automatic IP bans when patterns match
|
||||
|
||||
**Evaluation**:
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- Agent does lightweight pattern matching
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||||
- When matched, sends event to Hub with `matched_pattern: true`
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||||
- Hub analyzes and creates IP block rules if needed
|
||||
- Agent picks up new IP block rule in next sync (~10s)
|
||||
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||||
**Example**:
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": 12344,
|
||||
"rule_type": "path_pattern",
|
||||
"action": "log",
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||||
"conditions": {
|
||||
"patterns": ["/.env", "/.git/*", "/wp-admin/*", "/.aws/*", "/phpMyAdmin/*"]
|
||||
},
|
||||
"enabled": true,
|
||||
"source": "default:scanner_detection",
|
||||
"metadata": {
|
||||
"auto_ban_ip": true,
|
||||
"ban_duration_hours": 24,
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||||
"description": "Common scanner paths"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
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||||
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||||
## Rule Actions
|
||||
|
||||
| Action | Description | HTTP Response |
|
||||
|--------|-------------|---------------|
|
||||
| `allow` | Pass request through | Continue to app |
|
||||
| `deny` | Block request | 403 Forbidden |
|
||||
| `rate_limit` | Enforce rate limit | 429 Too Many Requests |
|
||||
| `redirect` | Redirect to URL | 301/302 + Location header |
|
||||
| `challenge` | Show CAPTCHA (Phase 2+) | 403 with challenge |
|
||||
| `log` | Log only, don't block | Continue to app |
|
||||
|
||||
## Rule Priority & Specificity
|
||||
|
||||
### Network Rules
|
||||
- **Priority is determined by CIDR prefix length**
|
||||
- Smaller prefix (more specific) = higher priority
|
||||
- `/32` (single IP) beats `/24` (256 IPs) beats `/8` (16M IPs)
|
||||
- Example: Block `10.0.0.0/8` but allow `10.0.1.0/24`
|
||||
- Request from `10.0.1.5` → matches `/24` → allowed
|
||||
- Request from `10.0.2.5` → matches `/8` only → blocked
|
||||
|
||||
### Rate Limit Rules
|
||||
- Most specific CIDR match wins
|
||||
- Per-path rules take precedence over global (Phase 2+)
|
||||
|
||||
### Path Pattern Rules
|
||||
- All patterns are evaluated (not exclusive)
|
||||
- Used for detection, not blocking
|
||||
- Multiple pattern matches = stronger signal for ban
|
||||
|
||||
## Rule Synchronization
|
||||
|
||||
### Timestamp-Based Cursor
|
||||
|
||||
Agents use `updated_at` timestamps as sync cursors to handle rule updates and deletions.
|
||||
|
||||
**Why `updated_at` instead of `id`?**
|
||||
- Handles rule updates (e.g., disabling a rule updates `updated_at`)
|
||||
- Handles rule deletions via `enabled=false` flag
|
||||
- Simple for agents: "give me everything that changed since X"
|
||||
|
||||
**Agent Sync Flow**:
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. Agent starts: last_sync = nil
|
||||
2. GET /api/:key/rules → Full sync, store latest updated_at
|
||||
3. Every 10s or 1000 events: GET /api/:key/rules?since=<last_sync>
|
||||
4. Process rules: add new, update existing, remove disabled
|
||||
5. Update last_sync to latest updated_at from response
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Query Overlap**: Hub queries `updated_at >= since - 0.5s` to handle clock skew and millisecond duplicates.
|
||||
|
||||
### API Endpoints
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Version Check (Lightweight)
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules/version
|
||||
|
||||
Response:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "2024-11-03T12:30:45.123Z",
|
||||
"count": 150,
|
||||
"sampling": {
|
||||
"allowed_requests": 0.5,
|
||||
"blocked_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"rate_limited_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"effective_until": "2024-11-03T12:30:55.123Z"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Incremental Sync
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules?since=2024-11-03T12:00:00.000Z
|
||||
|
||||
Response:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "2024-11-03T12:30:45.123Z",
|
||||
"sampling": { ... },
|
||||
"rules": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": 12341,
|
||||
"rule_type": "network_v4",
|
||||
"action": "deny",
|
||||
"conditions": { "cidr": "1.2.3.4/32" },
|
||||
"priority": 32,
|
||||
"expires_at": "2024-11-04T12:00:00Z",
|
||||
"enabled": true,
|
||||
"source": "auto:scanner_detected",
|
||||
"metadata": { "reason": "Hitting /.env" },
|
||||
"created_at": "2024-11-03T12:00:00Z",
|
||||
"updated_at": "2024-11-03T12:00:00Z"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": 12340,
|
||||
"rule_type": "network_v4",
|
||||
"action": "deny",
|
||||
"conditions": { "cidr": "5.6.7.8/32" },
|
||||
"priority": 32,
|
||||
"enabled": false,
|
||||
"source": "manual",
|
||||
"metadata": { "reason": "False positive" },
|
||||
"created_at": "2024-11-02T10:00:00Z",
|
||||
"updated_at": "2024-11-03T12:25:00Z"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Full Sync
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules
|
||||
|
||||
Response:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "2024-11-03T12:30:45.123Z",
|
||||
"sampling": { ... },
|
||||
"rules": [ ...all enabled rules... ]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Dynamic Event Sampling
|
||||
|
||||
Hub controls how many events Agents send based on load.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sampling Strategy
|
||||
|
||||
**Hub monitors**:
|
||||
- SolidQueue job depth
|
||||
- Events/second rate
|
||||
- Database write latency
|
||||
|
||||
**Sampling rates**:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
Queue Depth | Allowed | Blocked | Rate Limited
|
||||
----------------|---------|---------|-------------
|
||||
0-1,000 | 100% | 100% | 100%
|
||||
1,001-5,000 | 50% | 100% | 100%
|
||||
5,001-10,000 | 20% | 100% | 100%
|
||||
10,001+ | 5% | 100% | 100%
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Phase 2+: Path-based sampling**:
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"sampling": {
|
||||
"allowed_requests": 0.1,
|
||||
"blocked_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"paths": {
|
||||
"block": ["/.env", "/.git/*"],
|
||||
"allow": ["/health", "/metrics"]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Agent respects sampling**:
|
||||
- Always sends blocked/rate-limited events
|
||||
- Samples allowed events based on rate
|
||||
- Can prioritize suspicious paths over routine traffic
|
||||
|
||||
## Temporal Rules (Expiration)
|
||||
|
||||
Rules can have an `expires_at` timestamp for automatic expiration.
|
||||
|
||||
**Use Cases**:
|
||||
- 24-hour scanner bans
|
||||
- Temporary rate limit adjustments
|
||||
- Time-boxed maintenance blocks
|
||||
|
||||
**Cleanup**:
|
||||
- `ExpiredRulesCleanupJob` runs hourly
|
||||
- Disables rules where `expires_at < now`
|
||||
- Agent picks up disabled rules in next sync
|
||||
|
||||
**Example**:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# Hub auto-generates rule when scanner detected:
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "network_v4",
|
||||
action: "deny",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "1.2.3.4/32" },
|
||||
expires_at: 24.hours.from_now,
|
||||
source: "auto:scanner_detected",
|
||||
metadata: { reason: "Hit /.env 5 times in 10 seconds" }
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 24 hours later: ExpiredRulesCleanupJob disables it
|
||||
# Agent syncs and removes from ipv4_ranges table
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Rule Sources
|
||||
|
||||
The `source` field tracks rule origin for audit and filtering.
|
||||
|
||||
**Source Formats**:
|
||||
- `manual` - Created by user via UI
|
||||
- `auto:scanner_detected` - Auto-generated from scanner pattern
|
||||
- `auto:rate_limit_exceeded` - Auto-generated from rate limit abuse
|
||||
- `auto:bot_detected` - Auto-generated from bot behavior
|
||||
- `imported:fail2ban` - Imported from external source
|
||||
- `imported:crowdsec` - Imported from CrowdSec
|
||||
- `default:scanner_paths` - Default rule set
|
||||
|
||||
## Database Schema
|
||||
|
||||
### Hub Schema
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
create_table "rules" do |t|
|
||||
# Identification
|
||||
t.integer :id, primary_key: true
|
||||
t.string :source, limit: 100
|
||||
|
||||
# Rule definition
|
||||
t.string :rule_type, null: false
|
||||
t.string :action, null: false
|
||||
t.json :conditions, null: false
|
||||
t.json :metadata
|
||||
|
||||
# Priority & lifecycle
|
||||
t.integer :priority
|
||||
t.datetime :expires_at
|
||||
t.boolean :enabled, default: true, null: false
|
||||
|
||||
# Timestamps (updated_at is sync cursor!)
|
||||
t.timestamps
|
||||
|
||||
# Indexes
|
||||
t.index [:updated_at, :id] # Primary sync query
|
||||
t.index :enabled
|
||||
t.index :expires_at
|
||||
t.index :source
|
||||
t.index :rule_type
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Agent Schema (Existing)
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
create_table "ipv4_ranges" do |t|
|
||||
t.integer :network_start, limit: 8, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :network_end, limit: 8, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :network_prefix, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :waf_action, default: 0, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :priority, default: 100
|
||||
t.string :redirect_url, limit: 500
|
||||
t.integer :redirect_status
|
||||
t.string :source, limit: 50
|
||||
t.timestamps
|
||||
|
||||
t.index [:network_start, :network_end, :network_prefix]
|
||||
t.index :waf_action
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
create_table "ipv6_ranges" do |t|
|
||||
t.binary :network_start, limit: 16, null: false
|
||||
t.binary :network_end, limit: 16, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :network_prefix, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :waf_action, default: 0, null: false
|
||||
t.integer :priority, default: 100
|
||||
t.string :redirect_url, limit: 500
|
||||
t.integer :redirect_status
|
||||
t.string :source, limit: 50
|
||||
t.timestamps
|
||||
|
||||
t.index [:network_start, :network_end, :network_prefix]
|
||||
t.index :waf_action
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Agent Rule Processing
|
||||
|
||||
### Network Rules
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# Agent receives network rule from Hub:
|
||||
rule = {
|
||||
id: 12341,
|
||||
rule_type: "network_v4",
|
||||
action: "deny",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "10.0.0.0/8" },
|
||||
priority: 8,
|
||||
enabled: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Agent converts to ipv4_ranges entry:
|
||||
cidr = IPAddr.new("10.0.0.0/8")
|
||||
Ipv4Range.upsert({
|
||||
source: "hub:12341",
|
||||
network_start: cidr.to_i,
|
||||
network_end: cidr.to_range.end.to_i,
|
||||
network_prefix: 8,
|
||||
waf_action: 1, # deny
|
||||
priority: 8
|
||||
}, unique_by: :source)
|
||||
|
||||
# Agent evaluates request:
|
||||
# SELECT * FROM ipv4_ranges
|
||||
# WHERE ? BETWEEN network_start AND network_end
|
||||
# ORDER BY network_prefix DESC
|
||||
# LIMIT 1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Rate Limit Rules
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# Agent stores in memory:
|
||||
@rate_limit_rules = {
|
||||
"global" => { limit: 100, window: 60, cidr: "0.0.0.0/0" }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@rate_counters = {
|
||||
"1.2.3.4" => { count: 50, window_start: Time.now }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# On each request:
|
||||
def check_rate_limit(ip)
|
||||
rule = find_most_specific_rate_limit_rule(ip)
|
||||
counter = @rate_counters[ip] ||= { count: 0, window_start: Time.now }
|
||||
|
||||
# Reset window if expired
|
||||
if Time.now - counter[:window_start] > rule[:window]
|
||||
counter = { count: 0, window_start: Time.now }
|
||||
end
|
||||
|
||||
counter[:count] += 1
|
||||
|
||||
if counter[:count] > rule[:limit]
|
||||
{ action: "rate_limit", status: 429 }
|
||||
else
|
||||
{ action: "allow" }
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Path Pattern Rules
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# Agent evaluates patterns:
|
||||
PATH_PATTERNS = [/.env$/, /.git/, /wp-admin/]
|
||||
|
||||
def check_path_patterns(path)
|
||||
matched = PATH_PATTERNS.any? { |pattern| path.match?(pattern) }
|
||||
|
||||
if matched
|
||||
# Send event to Hub with flag
|
||||
send_event_to_hub(
|
||||
path: path,
|
||||
matched_pattern: true,
|
||||
waf_action: "log" # Don't block yet
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Hub will analyze and create IP block rule if needed
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Hub Intelligence (Auto-Generation)
|
||||
|
||||
### Scanner Detection
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# PathScannerDetectorJob
|
||||
class PathScannerDetectorJob < ApplicationJob
|
||||
SCANNER_PATHS = %w[/.env /.git /wp-admin /phpMyAdmin /.aws]
|
||||
|
||||
def perform
|
||||
# Find IPs hitting scanner paths
|
||||
scanner_ips = Event
|
||||
.where("request_path IN (?)", SCANNER_PATHS)
|
||||
.where("timestamp > ?", 5.minutes.ago)
|
||||
.group(:ip_address)
|
||||
.having("COUNT(*) >= 3")
|
||||
.pluck(:ip_address)
|
||||
|
||||
scanner_ips.each do |ip|
|
||||
# Create 24h ban rule
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "network_v4",
|
||||
action: "deny",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "#{ip}/32" },
|
||||
priority: 32,
|
||||
expires_at: 24.hours.from_now,
|
||||
source: "auto:scanner_detected",
|
||||
metadata: {
|
||||
reason: "Hit #{SCANNER_PATHS.join(', ')}",
|
||||
auto_generated: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Rate Limit Abuse Detection
|
||||
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# RateLimitAnomalyJob
|
||||
class RateLimitAnomalyJob < ApplicationJob
|
||||
def perform
|
||||
# Find IPs exceeding normal rate
|
||||
abusive_ips = Event
|
||||
.where("timestamp > ?", 1.minute.ago)
|
||||
.group(:ip_address)
|
||||
.having("COUNT(*) > 200") # >200 req/min
|
||||
.pluck(:ip_address)
|
||||
|
||||
abusive_ips.each do |ip|
|
||||
# Create aggressive rate limit or block
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "rate_limit",
|
||||
action: "rate_limit",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "#{ip}/32", scope: "global" },
|
||||
priority: 32,
|
||||
expires_at: 1.hour.from_now,
|
||||
source: "auto:rate_limit_exceeded",
|
||||
metadata: {
|
||||
limit: 10,
|
||||
window: 60,
|
||||
per_ip: true
|
||||
}
|
||||
)
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Performance Characteristics
|
||||
|
||||
### Hub
|
||||
- **Rule query**: O(log n) with `(updated_at, id)` index
|
||||
- **Version check**: Single index lookup
|
||||
- **Rule generation**: Background jobs, no request impact
|
||||
|
||||
### Agent
|
||||
- **Network rule lookup**: O(log n) via B-tree index on `(network_start, network_end)`
|
||||
- **Rate limit check**: O(1) hash lookup in memory
|
||||
- **Path pattern check**: O(n) regex match (n = number of patterns)
|
||||
- **Overall request evaluation**: <1ms for typical case
|
||||
|
||||
### Sync Efficiency
|
||||
- **Incremental sync**: Only changed rules since last sync
|
||||
- **Typical sync payload**: <10 KB for 50 rules
|
||||
- **Sync frequency**: Every 10s or 1000 events
|
||||
- **Version check**: <1 KB response
|
||||
|
||||
## Future Enhancements (Phase 2+)
|
||||
|
||||
### Per-Path Rate Limiting
|
||||
- Different limits for `/api/*`, `/login`, `/admin`
|
||||
- Agent tracks multiple counters per IP
|
||||
|
||||
### Path-Based Event Sampling
|
||||
- Send all `/admin` requests
|
||||
- Skip `/health`, `/metrics`
|
||||
- Sample 10% of regular traffic
|
||||
|
||||
### Challenge Actions
|
||||
- CAPTCHA challenges for suspicious IPs
|
||||
- JavaScript challenges for bot detection
|
||||
|
||||
### Scheduled Rules
|
||||
- Block during maintenance windows
|
||||
- Time-of-day rate limits
|
||||
|
||||
### Multi-Project Rules (Phase 10+)
|
||||
- Global rules across all projects
|
||||
- Per-project rule overrides
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary
|
||||
|
||||
The Baffle Hub rule system provides:
|
||||
- **Fast local enforcement** (sub-millisecond)
|
||||
- **Centralized intelligence** (Hub analytics)
|
||||
- **Efficient synchronization** (timestamp-based incremental sync)
|
||||
- **Dynamic adaptation** (backpressure control via sampling)
|
||||
- **Temporal flexibility** (auto-expiring rules)
|
||||
- **Audit trail** (soft deletes, source tracking)
|
||||
|
||||
This architecture scales from single-server deployments to distributed multi-agent installations while maintaining simplicity and pragmatic design choices focused on the "low-hanging fruit" of WAF functionality.
|
||||
381
docs/rule-system-implementation-summary.md
Normal file
381
docs/rule-system-implementation-summary.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
|
||||
# Rule System Implementation Summary
|
||||
|
||||
## What We Built
|
||||
|
||||
A complete distributed WAF rule synchronization system that allows the Baffle Hub to generate and manage rules while Agents download and enforce them locally with sub-millisecond latency.
|
||||
|
||||
## Implementation Status: ✅ Complete (Phase 1)
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Database Schema ✅
|
||||
|
||||
**Migration**: `db/migrate/20251103080823_enhance_rules_table_for_sync.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
Enhanced the `rules` table with:
|
||||
- `source` field to track rule origin (manual, auto-generated, imported)
|
||||
- JSON `conditions` and `metadata` fields
|
||||
- `expires_at` for temporal rules (24h bans)
|
||||
- `enabled` flag for soft deletes
|
||||
- `priority` for rule specificity
|
||||
- Optimized indexes for sync queries (`updated_at, id`)
|
||||
|
||||
**Schema**:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
create_table "rules" do |t|
|
||||
t.string :rule_type, null: false # network_v4, network_v6, rate_limit, path_pattern
|
||||
t.string :action, null: false # allow, deny, rate_limit, redirect, log
|
||||
t.json :conditions, null: false # CIDR, patterns, scope
|
||||
t.json :metadata # reason, limits, redirect_url
|
||||
t.integer :priority # Auto-calculated from CIDR prefix
|
||||
t.datetime :expires_at # For temporal bans
|
||||
t.boolean :enabled, default: true # Soft delete flag
|
||||
t.string :source, limit: 100 # Origin tracking
|
||||
t.timestamps
|
||||
|
||||
# Indexes for efficient sync
|
||||
t.index [:updated_at, :id] # Primary sync cursor
|
||||
t.index :enabled
|
||||
t.index :expires_at
|
||||
t.index [:rule_type, :enabled]
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Rule Model ✅
|
||||
|
||||
**File**: `app/models/rule.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
Complete Rule model with:
|
||||
- **Rule types**: `network_v4`, `network_v6`, `rate_limit`, `path_pattern`
|
||||
- **Actions**: `allow`, `deny`, `rate_limit`, `redirect`, `log`
|
||||
- **Validations**: Type-specific validation for conditions and metadata
|
||||
- **Scopes**: `active`, `expired`, `network_rules`, `rate_limit_rules`, etc.
|
||||
- **Sync methods**: `since(timestamp)`, `latest_version`
|
||||
- **Auto-priority**: Calculates priority from CIDR prefix length
|
||||
- **Agent format**: `to_agent_format` for API responses
|
||||
|
||||
**Example Usage**:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# Create network block rule
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "network_v4",
|
||||
action: "deny",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "1.2.3.4/32" },
|
||||
expires_at: 24.hours.from_now,
|
||||
source: "auto:scanner_detected",
|
||||
metadata: { reason: "Hit /.env multiple times" }
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Create rate limit rule
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "rate_limit",
|
||||
action: "rate_limit",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "0.0.0.0/0", scope: "global" },
|
||||
metadata: { limit: 100, window: 60, per_ip: true },
|
||||
source: "manual"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Disable rule (soft delete)
|
||||
rule.disable!(reason: "False positive")
|
||||
|
||||
# Query for sync
|
||||
Rule.since("2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. API Endpoints ✅
|
||||
|
||||
**Controller**: `app/controllers/api/rules_controller.rb`
|
||||
**Routes**: Added to `config/routes.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
#### Version Endpoint (Lightweight Check)
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules/version
|
||||
|
||||
Response:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "2025-11-03T08:14:23.648330Z",
|
||||
"count": 150,
|
||||
"sampling": {
|
||||
"allowed_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"blocked_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"rate_limited_requests": 1.0,
|
||||
"effective_until": "2025-11-03T08:14:33.689Z",
|
||||
"load_level": "normal",
|
||||
"queue_depth": 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Incremental Sync
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules?since=2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z
|
||||
|
||||
Response:
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": "2025-11-03T08:14:23.648330Z",
|
||||
"sampling": { ... },
|
||||
"rules": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": 1,
|
||||
"rule_type": "network_v4",
|
||||
"action": "deny",
|
||||
"conditions": { "cidr": "10.0.0.0/8" },
|
||||
"priority": 8,
|
||||
"expires_at": null,
|
||||
"enabled": true,
|
||||
"source": "manual",
|
||||
"metadata": { "reason": "Testing" },
|
||||
"created_at": "2025-11-03T08:14:23Z",
|
||||
"updated_at": "2025-11-03T08:14:23Z"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Full Sync
|
||||
|
||||
```http
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules
|
||||
|
||||
Response: Same format, returns all active rules
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Dynamic Load-Based Sampling ✅
|
||||
|
||||
**Service**: `app/services/hub_load.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
Monitors SolidQueue depth and adjusts event sampling rates:
|
||||
|
||||
| Queue Depth | Load Level | Allowed | Blocked | Rate Limited |
|
||||
|-------------|------------|---------|---------|--------------|
|
||||
| 0-1,000 | Normal | 100% | 100% | 100% |
|
||||
| 1,001-5,000 | Moderate | 50% | 100% | 100% |
|
||||
| 5,001-10,000| High | 20% | 100% | 100% |
|
||||
| 10,001+ | Critical | 5% | 100% | 100% |
|
||||
|
||||
**Features**:
|
||||
- Automatic backpressure control
|
||||
- Always sends 100% of blocks/rate-limits
|
||||
- Reduces allowed request sampling under load
|
||||
- Included in every API response
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Background Jobs ✅
|
||||
|
||||
#### ExpiredRulesCleanupJob
|
||||
|
||||
**File**: `app/jobs/expired_rules_cleanup_job.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
- Runs hourly
|
||||
- Disables rules with `expires_at` in the past
|
||||
- Cleans up old disabled rules (>30 days) once per day
|
||||
- Agents pick up disabled rules via `updated_at` change
|
||||
|
||||
#### PathScannerDetectorJob
|
||||
|
||||
**File**: `app/jobs/path_scanner_detector_job.rb`
|
||||
|
||||
- Runs every 5 minutes (recommended)
|
||||
- Detects IPs hitting scanner paths (/.env, /.git, /wp-admin, etc.)
|
||||
- Auto-creates 24h ban rules after 3+ hits
|
||||
- Handles both IPv4 and IPv6
|
||||
- Prevents duplicate rules
|
||||
|
||||
**Scanner Paths**:
|
||||
- `/.env`, `/.git`, `/.aws`, `/.ssh`, `/.config`
|
||||
- `/wp-admin`, `/wp-login.php`
|
||||
- `/phpMyAdmin`, `/phpmyadmin`
|
||||
- `/admin`, `/administrator`
|
||||
- `/backup`, `/db_backup`
|
||||
- `/.DS_Store`, `/web.config`
|
||||
|
||||
## Testing
|
||||
|
||||
### Create Test Rules
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bin/rails runner '
|
||||
# Network block
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "network_v4",
|
||||
action: "deny",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "10.0.0.0/8" },
|
||||
source: "manual",
|
||||
metadata: { reason: "Test block" }
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# Rate limit
|
||||
Rule.create!(
|
||||
rule_type: "rate_limit",
|
||||
action: "rate_limit",
|
||||
conditions: { cidr: "0.0.0.0/0", scope: "global" },
|
||||
metadata: { limit: 100, window: 60 },
|
||||
source: "manual"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
puts "✓ Created #{Rule.count} rules"
|
||||
puts "✓ Latest version: #{Rule.latest_version}"
|
||||
'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Test API Endpoints
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Get your project key
|
||||
bin/rails runner 'puts Project.first.public_key'
|
||||
|
||||
# Test version endpoint
|
||||
curl http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules/version | jq
|
||||
|
||||
# Test full sync
|
||||
curl http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules | jq
|
||||
|
||||
# Test incremental sync
|
||||
curl "http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules?since=2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z" | jq
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Run Background Jobs
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Test expired rules cleanup
|
||||
bin/rails runner 'ExpiredRulesCleanupJob.perform_now'
|
||||
|
||||
# Test scanner detector (needs events first)
|
||||
bin/rails runner 'PathScannerDetectorJob.perform_now'
|
||||
|
||||
# Check hub load
|
||||
bin/rails runner 'puts HubLoad.stats.inspect'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Agent Integration (Next Steps)
|
||||
|
||||
The Agent needs to:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Poll for updates** every 10 seconds or 1000 events:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
GET /api/:public_key/rules?since=<last_updated_at>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Process rules** received:
|
||||
- `enabled: true` → Insert/update in local tables
|
||||
- `enabled: false` → Remove from local tables
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Populate local SQLite tables**:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
# For network_v4 rules:
|
||||
cidr = IPAddr.new(rule.conditions.cidr)
|
||||
Ipv4Range.upsert({
|
||||
source: "hub:#{rule.id}",
|
||||
network_start: cidr.to_i,
|
||||
network_end: cidr.to_range.end.to_i,
|
||||
network_prefix: rule.priority,
|
||||
waf_action: map_action(rule.action),
|
||||
redirect_url: rule.metadata.redirect_url,
|
||||
priority: rule.priority
|
||||
})
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. **Respect sampling rates** from API response:
|
||||
```ruby
|
||||
sampling = response["sampling"]
|
||||
if event.allowed? && rand > sampling["allowed_requests"]
|
||||
skip_sending_to_hub
|
||||
end
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Key Design Decisions
|
||||
|
||||
### ✅ IPv4/IPv6 Split
|
||||
- Separate `network_v4` and `network_v6` rule types
|
||||
- Agent has separate `ipv4_ranges` and `ipv6_ranges` tables
|
||||
- Better performance (integer vs binary indexes)
|
||||
|
||||
### ✅ Timestamp-Based Sync
|
||||
- Use `updated_at` as version cursor (not `id`)
|
||||
- Handles rule updates and soft deletes
|
||||
- Query overlap (0.5s) handles clock skew
|
||||
- Secondary sort by `id` for consistency
|
||||
|
||||
### ✅ Soft Deletes
|
||||
- Rules disabled, not deleted
|
||||
- Audit trail preserved
|
||||
- Agents sync via `enabled: false`
|
||||
- Old rules cleaned after 30 days
|
||||
|
||||
### ✅ Priority from CIDR
|
||||
- Auto-calculated from prefix length
|
||||
- Most specific (smallest prefix) wins
|
||||
- `/32` > `/24` > `/16` > `/8`
|
||||
- No manual priority needed for network rules
|
||||
|
||||
### ✅ Dynamic Sampling
|
||||
- Hub controls load via sampling rates
|
||||
- Always sends critical events (blocks, rate limits)
|
||||
- Reduces allowed event traffic under load
|
||||
- Prevents Hub overload
|
||||
|
||||
## Performance Characteristics
|
||||
|
||||
### Hub
|
||||
- **Version check**: Single index lookup (~1ms)
|
||||
- **Incremental sync**: Index scan on `(updated_at, id)` (~5-10ms for 100 rules)
|
||||
- **Rule creation**: Single insert (~5ms)
|
||||
|
||||
### Agent (Expected)
|
||||
- **Network lookup**: O(log n) via B-tree on `(network_start, network_end)` (<1ms)
|
||||
- **Rate limit check**: O(1) hash lookup in memory (<0.1ms)
|
||||
- **Sync overhead**: 10s polling, ~5-10 KB payload for 50 rules
|
||||
|
||||
## What's Not Included (Future Phases)
|
||||
|
||||
- ❌ Per-path rate limiting (Phase 2)
|
||||
- ❌ Path-based event sampling (Phase 2)
|
||||
- ❌ Challenge actions/CAPTCHA (Phase 2+)
|
||||
- ❌ Multi-project rules (Phase 10+)
|
||||
- ❌ Rule UI (manual creation via console for now)
|
||||
- ❌ Recurring job scheduling (needs separate setup)
|
||||
|
||||
## Next Implementation Steps
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Schedule Background Jobs**
|
||||
- Add to `config/initializers/recurring_jobs.rb` or use gem like `good_job`
|
||||
- `ExpiredRulesCleanupJob` every hour
|
||||
- `PathScannerDetectorJob` every 5 minutes
|
||||
|
||||
2. **Build Rule Management UI**
|
||||
- Form to create network block rules
|
||||
- List active rules
|
||||
- Disable/enable rules
|
||||
- View auto-generated rules
|
||||
|
||||
3. **Agent Sync Implementation**
|
||||
- HTTP client to poll rules endpoint
|
||||
- SQLite population logic
|
||||
- Sampling rate respect
|
||||
- Rule evaluation integration
|
||||
|
||||
4. **Monitoring/Metrics**
|
||||
- Dashboard showing active rules count
|
||||
- Auto-generated rules per day
|
||||
- Banned IPs list
|
||||
- Rule sync lag per agent
|
||||
|
||||
## Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
Complete architecture documentation available at:
|
||||
- **docs/rule-architecture.md** - Full technical specification
|
||||
- **This file** - Implementation summary and testing guide
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary
|
||||
|
||||
We've built a production-ready, distributed WAF rule system with:
|
||||
- ✅ Database schema with optimized indexes
|
||||
- ✅ Complete Rule model with validations
|
||||
- ✅ RESTful API with version/incremental/full sync
|
||||
- ✅ Dynamic load-based event sampling
|
||||
- ✅ Auto-expiring temporal rules
|
||||
- ✅ Scanner detection and auto-banning
|
||||
- ✅ Soft deletes with audit trail
|
||||
- ✅ IPv4/IPv6 separation
|
||||
- ✅ Comprehensive documentation
|
||||
|
||||
The system is ready for Agent integration and can scale from single-server to multi-agent distributed deployments.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user