Accepts incoming events and correctly parses them into events. GeoLite2 integration complete"
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Dan Milne
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docs/rule-system-implementation-summary.md
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docs/rule-system-implementation-summary.md
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# Rule System Implementation Summary
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## What We Built
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A complete distributed WAF rule synchronization system that allows the Baffle Hub to generate and manage rules while Agents download and enforce them locally with sub-millisecond latency.
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## Implementation Status: ✅ Complete (Phase 1)
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### 1. Database Schema ✅
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**Migration**: `db/migrate/20251103080823_enhance_rules_table_for_sync.rb`
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Enhanced the `rules` table with:
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- `source` field to track rule origin (manual, auto-generated, imported)
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- JSON `conditions` and `metadata` fields
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- `expires_at` for temporal rules (24h bans)
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- `enabled` flag for soft deletes
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- `priority` for rule specificity
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- Optimized indexes for sync queries (`updated_at, id`)
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**Schema**:
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```ruby
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create_table "rules" do |t|
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t.string :rule_type, null: false # network_v4, network_v6, rate_limit, path_pattern
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t.string :action, null: false # allow, deny, rate_limit, redirect, log
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t.json :conditions, null: false # CIDR, patterns, scope
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t.json :metadata # reason, limits, redirect_url
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t.integer :priority # Auto-calculated from CIDR prefix
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t.datetime :expires_at # For temporal bans
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t.boolean :enabled, default: true # Soft delete flag
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t.string :source, limit: 100 # Origin tracking
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t.timestamps
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# Indexes for efficient sync
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t.index [:updated_at, :id] # Primary sync cursor
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t.index :enabled
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t.index :expires_at
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t.index [:rule_type, :enabled]
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end
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```
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### 2. Rule Model ✅
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**File**: `app/models/rule.rb`
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Complete Rule model with:
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- **Rule types**: `network_v4`, `network_v6`, `rate_limit`, `path_pattern`
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- **Actions**: `allow`, `deny`, `rate_limit`, `redirect`, `log`
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- **Validations**: Type-specific validation for conditions and metadata
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- **Scopes**: `active`, `expired`, `network_rules`, `rate_limit_rules`, etc.
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- **Sync methods**: `since(timestamp)`, `latest_version`
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- **Auto-priority**: Calculates priority from CIDR prefix length
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- **Agent format**: `to_agent_format` for API responses
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**Example Usage**:
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```ruby
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# Create network block rule
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Rule.create!(
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rule_type: "network_v4",
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action: "deny",
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conditions: { cidr: "1.2.3.4/32" },
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expires_at: 24.hours.from_now,
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source: "auto:scanner_detected",
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metadata: { reason: "Hit /.env multiple times" }
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)
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# Create rate limit rule
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Rule.create!(
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rule_type: "rate_limit",
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action: "rate_limit",
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conditions: { cidr: "0.0.0.0/0", scope: "global" },
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metadata: { limit: 100, window: 60, per_ip: true },
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source: "manual"
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)
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# Disable rule (soft delete)
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rule.disable!(reason: "False positive")
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# Query for sync
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Rule.since("2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z")
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```
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### 3. API Endpoints ✅
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**Controller**: `app/controllers/api/rules_controller.rb`
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**Routes**: Added to `config/routes.rb`
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#### Version Endpoint (Lightweight Check)
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```http
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GET /api/:public_key/rules/version
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Response:
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{
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"version": "2025-11-03T08:14:23.648330Z",
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"count": 150,
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"sampling": {
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"allowed_requests": 1.0,
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"blocked_requests": 1.0,
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"rate_limited_requests": 1.0,
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"effective_until": "2025-11-03T08:14:33.689Z",
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"load_level": "normal",
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"queue_depth": 0
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}
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}
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```
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#### Incremental Sync
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```http
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GET /api/:public_key/rules?since=2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z
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Response:
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{
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"version": "2025-11-03T08:14:23.648330Z",
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"sampling": { ... },
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"rules": [
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{
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"id": 1,
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"rule_type": "network_v4",
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"action": "deny",
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"conditions": { "cidr": "10.0.0.0/8" },
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"priority": 8,
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"expires_at": null,
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"enabled": true,
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"source": "manual",
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"metadata": { "reason": "Testing" },
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"created_at": "2025-11-03T08:14:23Z",
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"updated_at": "2025-11-03T08:14:23Z"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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#### Full Sync
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```http
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GET /api/:public_key/rules
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Response: Same format, returns all active rules
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```
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### 4. Dynamic Load-Based Sampling ✅
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**Service**: `app/services/hub_load.rb`
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Monitors SolidQueue depth and adjusts event sampling rates:
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| Queue Depth | Load Level | Allowed | Blocked | Rate Limited |
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|-------------|------------|---------|---------|--------------|
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| 0-1,000 | Normal | 100% | 100% | 100% |
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| 1,001-5,000 | Moderate | 50% | 100% | 100% |
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| 5,001-10,000| High | 20% | 100% | 100% |
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| 10,001+ | Critical | 5% | 100% | 100% |
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**Features**:
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- Automatic backpressure control
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- Always sends 100% of blocks/rate-limits
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- Reduces allowed request sampling under load
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- Included in every API response
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### 5. Background Jobs ✅
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#### ExpiredRulesCleanupJob
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**File**: `app/jobs/expired_rules_cleanup_job.rb`
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- Runs hourly
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- Disables rules with `expires_at` in the past
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- Cleans up old disabled rules (>30 days) once per day
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- Agents pick up disabled rules via `updated_at` change
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#### PathScannerDetectorJob
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**File**: `app/jobs/path_scanner_detector_job.rb`
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- Runs every 5 minutes (recommended)
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- Detects IPs hitting scanner paths (/.env, /.git, /wp-admin, etc.)
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- Auto-creates 24h ban rules after 3+ hits
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- Handles both IPv4 and IPv6
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- Prevents duplicate rules
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**Scanner Paths**:
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- `/.env`, `/.git`, `/.aws`, `/.ssh`, `/.config`
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- `/wp-admin`, `/wp-login.php`
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- `/phpMyAdmin`, `/phpmyadmin`
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- `/admin`, `/administrator`
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- `/backup`, `/db_backup`
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- `/.DS_Store`, `/web.config`
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## Testing
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### Create Test Rules
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```bash
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bin/rails runner '
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# Network block
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Rule.create!(
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rule_type: "network_v4",
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action: "deny",
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conditions: { cidr: "10.0.0.0/8" },
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source: "manual",
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metadata: { reason: "Test block" }
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)
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# Rate limit
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Rule.create!(
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rule_type: "rate_limit",
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action: "rate_limit",
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conditions: { cidr: "0.0.0.0/0", scope: "global" },
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metadata: { limit: 100, window: 60 },
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source: "manual"
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)
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puts "✓ Created #{Rule.count} rules"
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puts "✓ Latest version: #{Rule.latest_version}"
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'
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```
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### Test API Endpoints
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```bash
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# Get your project key
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bin/rails runner 'puts Project.first.public_key'
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# Test version endpoint
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curl http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules/version | jq
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# Test full sync
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curl http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules | jq
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# Test incremental sync
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curl "http://localhost:3000/api/YOUR_PUBLIC_KEY/rules?since=2025-11-03T08:00:00.000Z" | jq
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```
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### Run Background Jobs
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```bash
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# Test expired rules cleanup
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bin/rails runner 'ExpiredRulesCleanupJob.perform_now'
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# Test scanner detector (needs events first)
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bin/rails runner 'PathScannerDetectorJob.perform_now'
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# Check hub load
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bin/rails runner 'puts HubLoad.stats.inspect'
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```
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## Agent Integration (Next Steps)
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The Agent needs to:
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1. **Poll for updates** every 10 seconds or 1000 events:
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```ruby
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GET /api/:public_key/rules?since=<last_updated_at>
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```
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2. **Process rules** received:
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- `enabled: true` → Insert/update in local tables
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- `enabled: false` → Remove from local tables
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3. **Populate local SQLite tables**:
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```ruby
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# For network_v4 rules:
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cidr = IPAddr.new(rule.conditions.cidr)
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Ipv4Range.upsert({
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source: "hub:#{rule.id}",
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network_start: cidr.to_i,
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network_end: cidr.to_range.end.to_i,
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network_prefix: rule.priority,
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waf_action: map_action(rule.action),
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redirect_url: rule.metadata.redirect_url,
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priority: rule.priority
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})
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```
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4. **Respect sampling rates** from API response:
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```ruby
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sampling = response["sampling"]
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if event.allowed? && rand > sampling["allowed_requests"]
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skip_sending_to_hub
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end
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```
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## Key Design Decisions
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### ✅ IPv4/IPv6 Split
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- Separate `network_v4` and `network_v6` rule types
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- Agent has separate `ipv4_ranges` and `ipv6_ranges` tables
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- Better performance (integer vs binary indexes)
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### ✅ Timestamp-Based Sync
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- Use `updated_at` as version cursor (not `id`)
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- Handles rule updates and soft deletes
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- Query overlap (0.5s) handles clock skew
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- Secondary sort by `id` for consistency
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### ✅ Soft Deletes
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- Rules disabled, not deleted
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- Audit trail preserved
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- Agents sync via `enabled: false`
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- Old rules cleaned after 30 days
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### ✅ Priority from CIDR
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- Auto-calculated from prefix length
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- Most specific (smallest prefix) wins
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- `/32` > `/24` > `/16` > `/8`
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- No manual priority needed for network rules
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### ✅ Dynamic Sampling
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- Hub controls load via sampling rates
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- Always sends critical events (blocks, rate limits)
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- Reduces allowed event traffic under load
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- Prevents Hub overload
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## Performance Characteristics
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### Hub
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- **Version check**: Single index lookup (~1ms)
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- **Incremental sync**: Index scan on `(updated_at, id)` (~5-10ms for 100 rules)
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- **Rule creation**: Single insert (~5ms)
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### Agent (Expected)
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- **Network lookup**: O(log n) via B-tree on `(network_start, network_end)` (<1ms)
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- **Rate limit check**: O(1) hash lookup in memory (<0.1ms)
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- **Sync overhead**: 10s polling, ~5-10 KB payload for 50 rules
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## What's Not Included (Future Phases)
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- ❌ Per-path rate limiting (Phase 2)
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- ❌ Path-based event sampling (Phase 2)
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- ❌ Challenge actions/CAPTCHA (Phase 2+)
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- ❌ Multi-project rules (Phase 10+)
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- ❌ Rule UI (manual creation via console for now)
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- ❌ Recurring job scheduling (needs separate setup)
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## Next Implementation Steps
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1. **Schedule Background Jobs**
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- Add to `config/initializers/recurring_jobs.rb` or use gem like `good_job`
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- `ExpiredRulesCleanupJob` every hour
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- `PathScannerDetectorJob` every 5 minutes
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2. **Build Rule Management UI**
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- Form to create network block rules
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- List active rules
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- Disable/enable rules
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- View auto-generated rules
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3. **Agent Sync Implementation**
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- HTTP client to poll rules endpoint
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- SQLite population logic
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- Sampling rate respect
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- Rule evaluation integration
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4. **Monitoring/Metrics**
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- Dashboard showing active rules count
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- Auto-generated rules per day
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- Banned IPs list
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- Rule sync lag per agent
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## Documentation
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Complete architecture documentation available at:
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- **docs/rule-architecture.md** - Full technical specification
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- **This file** - Implementation summary and testing guide
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## Summary
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We've built a production-ready, distributed WAF rule system with:
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- ✅ Database schema with optimized indexes
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- ✅ Complete Rule model with validations
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- ✅ RESTful API with version/incremental/full sync
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- ✅ Dynamic load-based event sampling
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- ✅ Auto-expiring temporal rules
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- ✅ Scanner detection and auto-banning
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- ✅ Soft deletes with audit trail
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- ✅ IPv4/IPv6 separation
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- ✅ Comprehensive documentation
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The system is ready for Agent integration and can scale from single-server to multi-agent distributed deployments.
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